,d vkSj ?kVuk ?kVh Fkh& ,dfnu iwNjh xk¡o esa ,d Hk.Mkjk gqvk FkkA nks O;fDr;ksa us tks fd gfjtu pksj Fks] dqN iw;s rFkk nf{k.kk ds #i;s feyus dh vk'kk esa if.Mr ckck dh xqQk esa geyk fd;kA dqN Hkh u ikdj ckck ds flj ij ykBh ls izgkj dj fn;k ygw yqgku gkyr esa ns[kdj mueas ls ,d pksj Åuh diM+s ls flj ij iêh ck¡èkdj pyk x;kA
Brief history of saints of bhagwat niwas vrindavan
Radhe Radhe, here we will tell you about the brief history of all the saints of Bhagwat Niwas Vrindavan who lived here or they have any connection with bhagwat niwas vrindavan.
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Siddh Shri Krishna Das Baba
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Shri Yadunandan Das Baba
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Shri Vishnu Das Baba
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Shri Keshav Das Baba
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Shri Rama Nand Das Baba
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Shri Krishna Govind Das Baba
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Shri Anant Das Baba
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Shri Vrindavan Das Baba
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Shri Prem Das Baba
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Pandit Shri Murli Das Baba
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Shri Keshav Das Baba
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Shri Amranand Das Baba
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Shri Raghunath Das Baba
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Shri Radhacharan Das Baba
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Shri Udharan Das Baba, Goverdhan
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Shri Jai Nitai Das
fl¼ JhÏ".knkl ckck
xksfoUn dq.M] o`Unkou
95 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1854 bZ-A if'pe cÂky izkUr ds ftyk
^esnuhiqj* ^xzke fo".kq iqj* uked LFkku esaA
fudq´t xeudky %& lu~ 1949 bZ0A ek?kh 'kqDyk v"VehA xksfoUn
dq.M&o`UnkouA lekèkh orZekuA
nh{kk ,oa os"kkJ; %& ckck ßJhy{e.k nklÞ th egkjkt }kjkA
vki 40 o"kZ vk;q esa x`g R;kx dj izFke uo}hi igq¡psA fo".kqfiz;k ew£r ns[k ew£Nr gks x,A vkidks iwoZ tUe ds laLdkj ls fo"k;kyEcu ikdj míhiu&Hkko mn; gks vkrkA tSls & xksfoUn yhyk LFkfy;k¡ ns[k dj izseksUeÙk gks tkrsA ;gh voLFkk ladhrZu lqudj gksrhA vki fl¼ ^jke gfjnkl* ckck tSls egkladhrZu esa [kksy vkfn dh rqeqy èofu lqudj fFkj ugha jg ldrs FksA izseksUeknh jksfx;ksa ds izfr LokHkkfod ,slh ?kVuk ?kVrs ns[kk x;k gSA vki ds eu dk ladYi fd fdruh tYnh Hkkjr o"kZ ds leLr rhFkks± dk n'kZu djds ^xEHkhjkukFk* tSls dgha LFkkbZ ,dkUr esa cSBdj yhyk poZ.k djsaA vkius ,sls gh fd;kA izFke dkyuk esa igq¡p dj fl¼ ckck ^Hkxoku nkl* ,oa ';kekuUn nkl vkfn tSls vkpk;Z fl¼ksa dk n'kZu djrs gq, uhyk´py {ks= ^iqjh* igq¡p x,A dqN dky txnh'k n'kZu dh ykylk ls iqjh jgdj tYnh&tYnh jkes'oje~] }kfjdk] cæhukFk] x;k] dk'kh] v;ksè;k vkfn rhFkks± dk vPNh vk'p;Z fd nks&nks ckj in ;k=k }kjk iwjk dj ds] i'pkr~ lnk ds fy, czt&okl dj fy;kA vc gqbZ izkjEHk czt dh oSjkX; yhyk&loZizFke xksfoUn] xksihukFk] enueksgu foxzg&=; ds n'kZu dj Jh';kelqUnj ds Jhpj.kksa esa fcd x,A uwiqj LFkyh n'kZu dj izse ikxy gks x,A dqN dky&èkhj
lehj ?kkV ij Hkh okl fd;kA iqu% eu dh yyd mBh czt e.My ifjØek pys x,A ifjØek djrs ^Hkjfr;k* ds ikl ^ilkSyh* uked LFkku esa vkidk eu yx x;kA ogk¡ jgrs ftl cztoklh dks tks dqN dg nsrs okd~ fl¼ ^fxjèkkjh 'kj.k* tSls og dk;Z gks tkrkA pkjksa vksj fl¼ egkRek ds uke ls izflf¼ QSy xbZA Hktu esa fo?u gksrs ns[k vki pqipki o`Unkou lVd fy,A lkèku djrs&djrs vki fl¼ rks gks gh pqds FksA o`Unkou vkdj xksfoUn dq.M ij ,dkUr esa jgus yxsA fl¼ ckck cyjke nkl ,oa fl¼ ia- jkeÏ".k nkl ckck ds lkFk b"V xks"Bh djrs FksA ia- ckck ,oa vki nksuksa esa ijLij iwT; cqf¼ cuh jgrhA
?kVukØe %& 1& vki dsoy pkj n.M lksrs ckdh ik"kk.k js[kk&or fu"Bk iw.kZ Hktu esa yxs jgrsA mRdy oklh] caxkyh] iatkch vkfn lHkh ds izfr HkfDr&Hkko j[krsA ?kVukØe %& 2& lEiw.kZ Hkkjr o"kZ dh iSny ifjØek nks ckj vkius dh] tks vkt rd fdlh us ugha fd;kA ?kVukØe %& 3& R;kxh] oSjkxh] egkRek ,d ls ,d c<+ dj vki ds f'k"; gq,&tSls&ujksÙke nkl] fiz; gfjnkl] pSrU; nkl ,oa ckck Jh ÏikflUèkq nkl tSls izrkih egkRekA vUr esa if.Mr ckck ds vkB o"kZ i'pkr vki fuR; yhyk xeu fd;kA
Jh;nquUnunkl ckck
lw;Zdq.M & o`Unkou
112 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1865 bZ-A if'pe cax ds izkUr ck¡dqM+k ftyk ds
ßosyksM+kÞ uked xzke esaA
fudq´t xeu %& lu~ 1978 bZ-A ferh Hkkæ 'kqDyk jkèkk"Veh]
Hkkxor fuokl&o`Unkou esaA
ea= nh{kk %& Jh xksLokeh ßuUnyky thÞ tho xksLokeh ifjokjA
os"kkJ; %& ßJh t; Ï".k nklÞ ckck lw;Z dq.MA fl¼ Jh eèkqlwnu
nkl ckck ds f'k"; Jh ^gfjxksiky nkl* ds f'k"; Jh ^t;Ï".k nkl* th
FksA ftuls vkius Hks"k fy;kA
vki igys jklyhyk e.Myh esa jkèkk&Hkko dk vfHku; djrs FksA ckY;dky ls gh vki dk lqUnj&Lo:i] e`nqy LoHkko JhÏ".k&izse esa ukpuk] xkuk] jksuk izHkq iznÙk nsu FkhA ,d ckj Jh xkSjk Lo:i esa jkèkkÏ".k us n'kZu fn;kA 18 o"kZ dh vk;q esa mUeÙk gksdj lalkj dh u'ojrk dk Hkku gksrs gh czt iFk ds ifFkd cu x,A ftu ;qxy ljdkj dk vfHku; ek= djrs Fks Ïik ds QyLo:i og lnk ds fy, okLrfodrk esa cny x;kA Jh xq# th us nh{kk nsrs gh uke ij tksj fn;kA og fu"Bkiw.kZ egkea= uke vkius èkkj.k fd;kA czt esa vkdj tc xq# Jh t;Ï".k }kjk iznÙk&lw;Z dq.M fl¼ ckck lekèkh lsok] eqdqV lsok] izdV fd;k gqvk fl¼ ckck }kjk fogkxM+k xku] v"V;ke ekulh lsok vkfn uke fu"Bk ds lkFk vkSj tqM+ x,A vki vPNs e`n oknd Hkh FksA lw;Z dq.M ij jgrs le; fl¼ ckck dh lUrqf"V gsrq lUè;k vkjrh le; nSfud fogkxM+k dhrZu djrs FksA fLuXèk LoHkko gksus ls cztoklh] oS".ko lHkh cM+k vknj djrs FksA
?kVukØe%& 1& ,dckj ugha&izR;sd o"kZ] pkSjklh dksl dh ifjØek esa vkb± gtkjksa ew£r;k dh gh lsok D;ksa u gks] vki jlksb;k cudj tkrs FksA dHkh Hkh Fkdku lsok esa vuqHko ugha fd;kA vkids gkFk dh jlksbZ esa bruh djkekr Fkh fd oS".ko] HkDroxZ Lokfn"Vku ifjr`Ir gksdj ikrs vkSj vkidh ljkguk djrsA fQj Hkh vki ikl ds xk¡o ls ekèkqdjh gh Ekk¡x dj ikrsA vkids R;kxe; thou dk ,d vk'p;ZA ?kVukØe%& 2& ,dckj vki fojgkoLFkk esa ,sls fl¼ egkRek gks x, fd 'ks"k esa gk izk.ks'ojh! gk jkèks! gk gqrk'k ds flok dqN Hkh ugha lqukbZ iM+rk FkkA 'ks"k thou ls igys 112 o"kZ vk;q esa vki dHkh Hkh vLoLF; ugha iM+s] blls cM+k D;k vk'p;Z\ ?kVukØe%& 3& ,dckj fl¼ ckck if.Mr jkeÏ".k nkl th ds nkÅ th cxhpk ij jgrs vki lw;Z dq.M ls vkdj ;gha jgus yxs FksA vkids vuU; f'k"; Jh ßfo".kq nkl ckckÞ Hkkxor fuokl cu tkus ls lsok dh n`f"V ls ;gk¡ ys vk,A D;ksafd vfUre {k.k flj esa ßdkjoafdyÞ QksM+k gksus ls bUtsD'ku ,oa nok vkfn nsuk gksrkA vkidks vkosf"Vr fpÙk gksus ls dqN irk ugha pyrk FkkA lnk ekulh lsok Hktu esa Mwcs jgrsA bl izdkj jkèkk"Veh frfFk esa (12-30) lk<s+ ckjg cts jkèks&jkèks jVrs gq, fl¼ eatjh dks izkIr gks x,A
Jhfo".kqnkl ckck
Hkkxor fuokl] o`Unkou
81 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1916 bZ-A if'pe caxky izkUrkUrxZr ^ck¡dqM+k*
ftyk ds ßlky pwM+kÞ uked xzke esaA ?kj dk uke ßcknyÞA firk&^uan
yky* ,oa ekrk&^fxfj okyk* ukEuh FkhaA
fudq´t xeudky %& lu~ 1997 bZ-A ferh pS= 'kqDyk
uoeh&o`Unkou&Hkkxor fuokl esaA
ea= ,oa os"kkJ; %& ßJh ;nquUnu nklÞ ckck&lw;Z dq.M i'pkr~
o`UnkouA
vki iwoZ tUe laLdkjh FksA czt èkke ds izfr lquus ek= ls 15 o"kZ dh vk;q esa vkÏ"V gksdj ?kj ls nks ckj Hkkxus ij cUèkq ckUèkoksa }kjk ßvklulksyÞ tad'ku ls idM+dj okil yk, x,A rhljh ckj ,sls ßj?kqukFk nkl xksLokehÞ tSls xkSj d#.kkfHkf"kfDr ;qfDr&;qDr fudy x, fd xk¡o dk dksbZ ifjUnk Hkh u le> ldkA ek= xk¡B esa nl #i;k FkkA ftls ysdj vki dk'kh rd igq¡p x,A ogk¡ ls Vh- Vh- Hkyk ekuq"k eFkqjk okyh xkM+h esa cSBk fn;kA ,d Bx ml #i, dks ys fy;k vkSj udyh fVdV nsdj xkM+h ij p<+k fn;kA Hkys gh Bx fy;k gks fdUrq midkj rks fd;kA vki lhèks gkFkjl tad'ku rd igq¡p x,A ogk¡ ls vki eFkqjk igq¡psA izFke czt&jt dks iz.kke fd;kA foJke&?kkV ;equk n'kZu fd;k] fQj lhèks irk yxkdj o`Unkou ds fy, iSny py iM+sA
vkidk Hkksyk&iu ns[kks] o`Unkou ds'kh?kkV igq¡pdj ;g fo'okl fd] ^jkèkk&Ï".k blh ;equk ty esa jgrs gSa] vki ty esa dwn iM+sA rSjuk tkurs u FksA xuher fd Mwcs ughaA vkids Hkfä Hkko ls æfor&fpÙk Jh ^;equk* th us ty izokg dk ,slk èkDdk fn;k fd cgdj ,d fdukjs yx x,A jkèkk&Ï".k rks feys ugha] fdukjk vo'; fey x;kA pyks dqN u dqN feyk rks lghA dqN u dqN [kksdj gh ik;k tkrk gSA vkius rks og fdukjk ik fy;k tks tUe&tUekrjksa ds ink:<+ veykRek ;ksxhUæ nqyZHk xksfi;ksa us ik;k FkkA ßHkksys Hkko feySa j?kqjkbZÞA tc tho lkèkd cudj ijekFkZ iFk dk ifFkd curk gS rks Hkxor~ Ïik ls okud Hkh oSls curs pys tkrs gSaA Hkw[ks I;kls rks Fks ghA ckj&ckj Hkw[k feVkus ds fy, ikuh ih&ihdj is'kkc djus ls Hkw[k FkksM+s gh dgha feVrh gS\ fQj Hkh lPph xksV yxh FkhA izHkq izsj.kk gqbZA ;gk¡ ls ,d fHk[kkjh dk ihNk fd;k mldks tYnh&tYnh rst xfr esa tkrs ns[k vkius lkspk] ßvo'; dksbZ ckr gSÞA igq¡p x, jaxth ds efUnj tgk¡ rhu fnu ckn FkksM+k ek[ku feJh dk izlkn feykA ik;k] dqN jkgr feyhA ogk¡ ls if'pe fn'kk dh
vksj fo'kky Jh ßxksfoUn nsoÞ efUnj ns[k HkkSpDds jg x,A x, efUnj&^JhxksfoUn* n'kZu dks ckgj ,d FkM+s ij cSBs Fks fd] n'kZu dks vk, ckck Jh ß;nquUnu nkl thÞ (Jhxq#nso) dk n'kZu gqvkA xq# feys] xksfoUn feys] ;k xksfoUn feys rks xq# feysA ckr nksuksa ,d gh gSA pkgs pkdw ij ddM+h fxjs] pkgs ddM+h ij pkdwA fØ;k ,d gh gksuh gSA vUrj ughaA ßlqizléks â"khds'ks foijhrs foi;Z;%Þ lgh jkLrs pyrs jgksA fcxM+s dke Hkh lqèkjrs tkrs gSaA Hkkxor Ïik] vki dks vlgk; caxkyh ckyd ns[k ckck us irk fBdkuk lc iwNkA vius lkFk lw;Z dq.M ys x,A le; esa ea= Hks"kkfn laLdkj dj fn;kA ea=&Hks"k dk uke ßcknyÞ ls ßfo".kqnklÞ j[kkA ?kVukØe%& 1& ,dckj pkrqekZl ozr i'pkr~ B.M yxus ls fueksfu;k gks x;kA xq# th o`Unkou vk x,A nkÅ th cxhpk dq¡vk ds ikl j[kkA if.Mr ckck us ns[kk] ßdq¡vk ds ikl ,d ckyd dk¡i jgk gSA Hkhrj lqykus ds fy, ^Ïik flUèkq ckck* dks vkKk nhA if.Mr ckck ds Hkko esa fuEckdhZ ckck ß';ke nklÞ us lsok dhA Bhd gks tkus ij xq#&f'k"; nksuksa gh nkÅ cxhph ij jgus yxsA ihNs bruh cM+h Ïik cjl xbZ fd ^Ïik flUèkq* ,oa ^fo".kq nkl* nksuksa ds daèks ij gkFk j[kdj eèkqdjh djus if.Mr ckck tkrsA ?kVukØe%& 2& ,dckj eq>s (ys[kd dks) vki Ïik dj Jh xksfoUn n'kZu i'pkr~ dqfV;k ij vkdj ,d ?kaVs ^xksfoUn yhyke`re~* dk vH;kl ,d o"kZ rd djkrs jgsA ,sls fdrus gh] larnkl] Ïikfufèk] lukru nkl] vkfn uke&fu"B larksa dk mYys[k gSA vki Lo;a dqN Hkh u i<+s fy[ks gksus ls Hkh lk{kkr~ Ïik ds QyLo:i lEiw.kZ ^xksfoUn yhyke`re~* d.BLFk dj fy;k FkkA mlh ds vkèkkj ij ;ksxihBkfn vkSjksa dks fl[kkrs jgsA if.Mr ckck] Ïik flUèkq nkl dks ^cPph* dgrs rks vki dks ßyYywÞ dgdj iqdkjrsA Ïik flUèkq nkl ckck us rks Hkkxor vkJe dk fuekZ.k gh vkids cyowrs ij fd;kA vkius o`{kjksi.k dj r# yrkvksa ls dSls vkJe dks pedk;k gfj;kyh gh orZeku esa mlds lk{kh gSaA ?kVukØe%& 3& ,dckj vius gkFkksa ^fxjhUæ fcgkjh th* dks Qwy ekyk gkFkksa xw¡Fk dj èkkj.k djkuk] NksVs cM+s nksuksa ckckvksa dh lekèkh lsok] Qwy m|ku cxhph lsok vkfn fnup;kZ FkhA 25 o"kZ v[k.M Hkkxor fuokl ^Jh xq#nso* dh lsok ds lkFk] viuk fu;e ekulh lsok vkfn ds lkFk ;g lsok,¡ Jh fxjhUæ fcgkjh dk lu~ 1978 bZ- ls tc ls VªLV cuk djrs jgsA ^fufèk ckck* dks ;ksX; ckyd ik dj ^fxjhUæ fcgkjh* ,oa viuh lsok esa j[kkA Jh fiz;k pj.k nkl ckck ds ;ksX; f'k"; ß'kqdnso nklÞ dks (fiz;k pj.k ckck dh vkKk ls) deZB lsod le> vk'khokZn nsrs gq, Hkkxor vkJe dk Hkkj lkSai vki fuf'par gks x,A ?kVukØe%& 4& ,dckj vius tkus ls iwoZ MkWOE vej lsu (vejkuUn ckck) f'k"; dks jt esa fyVk nsus dks dgkA lcls uke djus dks dgkA gfjuke lqurs dgk] ßvc eSa ckck ds ikl tk jgk gw¡ÞA lcds ns[krs&ns[krs vk¡[ksa cUn dj fuR; fudq´t yhyk esa izos'k dj x,A
Jhds'konkl ckck
Hkkxor fuokl] o`Unkou
85 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1905 bZ-A if'pe cax izkUrA ykyu&ikyu
dk'khiqjh&okjk.klh esaA
fudq´t xeu %& lu~ 1990 bZ-A ferh Hkkæ Ï".kk"Veh]
Hkkxor&fuokl] o`Unkou esaA
nh{kk ea= os"k %& ßJh';ke nklÞ ckck }kjk&phj?kkV] o`UnkouA
uke&ßds'ko nklÞA ,d lkFk Vsj dnEc ij jgrs gq, uhe dqVh okys
cUèkq ßnkeksnj nkl thÞ dh lRizsj.kk lsA
vki ds ekrk&firk ds cpiu esa gh pys tkus ls cM+s HkkbZ dk'kh esa ukSdjh djrs le; gh ykdj Hkj.k&iks"k.k fd;kA 13 o"kZ rd cM+s HkkbZ ds ikl gh jgsA i'pkr~ gfj}kj ds ,d lkoZtfud xq#dqy ^Nk=k&okl* esa HkrhZ djk fn;k x;k] tgk¡ lc izdkj dh fu%'kqYd O;oLFkk FkhA c¡xyk&Hkk"kk dk igys ls Kku gksus ij ;gk¡ fgUnh Hkk"kk vkSj laLÏr Hkk"kk dks 'kh?kz gh KkuktZu dj fy;kA ßjkèkkÏ".k dk èkke o`Unkou gSÞ ,slk lqurs gh n'kZu djus dks eu epy mBkA laLdkj&o'k vki fucZUèk] fujadq'k rks Fks gh] ,d fnu fdrus fnuksa ls fopkj djrs&djrs iSny o`Unkou ds fy, py iM+sA dgkor pfjrkFkZ&ßts cgk rs ygkÞ vFkkZr~ ßftu [kkstk fru ikb;k¡ xgjs ikuh iSBÞA fdlh ckr ds ihNs n`<+ fu'p; djds ;fn dksbZ yx tk; rks fuf'pr ,d u ,d fnu y{; dh izkfIr gksrs] ns[kk x;k gSA ßmRlkgkr~ fu'p;kr~ èkS;kZr~] rr~ rr~ deZ izorZukr~Þ ,slk vVy dj tkuksA vki iSny pydj o`Unkou igq¡p x,A nk<+h ew¡N dk cky 14 o"kZ ckn vkrk gSA ew¡M+ dk cky ek¡ ds isV lsA fdUrq lQsn ,d lkFk gksrs ns[kk x;kA yksdukFk ,oa HkwxHkZ xksLokeh tSls nksuksa cUèkqA vki vkSj ^fo".kq nkl ckck* ;|fi 14 o"kZ ds NksVs&cM+s Fks fQj Hkh ,d lkFk phj?kkV ij gh igq¡psA bruk gh vUrj fd ^ds'ko nkl* dks Jh xq#nso feyu phj?kkV ij] tcfd] ^fo".kq nkl ckck* dks ^xksfoUn nso* dh Ïik ls xksfoUn efUnj esa gqvkA vki ^fo".kq nkl* ls 14 o"kZ cM+s FksA ;n`{k;k&ßvu bfPNr vkor cfj;kbZÞ dqN Hkh ugha dgk tk ldrk Ïik dk gsrqA dkj.k dqN Hkh gksA Hkys gh mÙkjk[k.M dh xksn ls fudyh gqbZ ^xaxk&;equk*] xaxks=h ,oa ;equks=h ls vyx&vyx fudy dj bBykrh] cy[kkrh izokfgr gksrh gqbZ Hkkjr Hkwfe dks ifo= dj jgh gksa] fdUrq vUrr% nksuksa dk esy&feyki (laxe) rhFkZ&jkt iz;kx esa gh gksuk FkkA vki nksuksa fnO; egkiq#"k Hkys gh nks vyx&vyx dsUæksa ls tUe ysdj [kjk [kkrs&ikuh ihrs] jksrs&g¡lrs] ukprs] xkrs (bBykrh&cy[kkrh) fopjrs czt o`Unkou cgdj ,d gh phj ?kkV&rV lfUudV vkdj yx fy,A fdUrq ,slk gh gksuk Fkk ßif.Mr ckck tSls rhFkZ&jkt iz;kx esa xqIr ljLorh (ÏikflUèkq nkl ckck) nksuksa dk esy&feyki laxe gks x;kA ftl ikou Hkwfe (rjkbZ&{ks=) nkÅth cxhpk ls ysdj Hkkxor fuokl tSls fnO; fpUe; jt esa igq¡pdj nksuksa dk foy; gks x;kA èkU; gS vki vkSj vki nksuksa dk yhyk pfj=A ftudk yhyk lEoj.k Hkh ,d BkSj gqvkA
?kVukØe%& 1& ,dckj vki ds Jh xq#nso&^';kenkl th* nkÅ th cxhpk fl¼ ckck if.Mr jkeÏ".k nkl th ds ikl (ßfo".kq nklÞ ds xq#nso Jh ^;nquUnu nkl* th tSls) n'kZu djkus dks ys x,A vkidks ,d izfrHkkfUor ckyd ns[k ckck dh Ïik&n`f"V o`f"V gks xbZA fQj rks vkSjksa tSls lar vki Hkh ogha jg x,A ckck Ïik flUèkq nkl] t;Ï".k nkl vkfn tSls if.Mr ckck ds Lusg Hkktu cudj ;gha ds gks x,A vc vki Hkh eèkqdjh tkus yxsA fo|kè;;u esa #fp ns[k ckck us oS".ko'kkL=kè;;u dh vuqefr ns nhA dq'kkxz cqf¼ rks igys ls gh Fkh] N= Nk;k ikdj vkSj Hkh iz[kj gks xbZA vPNs fo}ku] 'kkL= fu".kkr cu x,A ?kVukØe %& 2& ,dckj if.Mr ckck ds jt&izkfIr i'pkr~ t;iqfj;k ij'kqjke dh iRuh ßoukjlh nsohÞ us Hkkxor fuokl uked LFkku nku i= esa ^Ïik flUèkq nkl* ckck dks ns fn;kA muds tkus ds i'pkr~ lu~ 1978 bZ- esa fo}ku ds'konkl ds iz;kl ls ßJh fxjhUæ fcgkjhÞ uked VªLV cuk] tks pkSjklh dksl fojDr oS".koksa dks ,d ek= dsUæ vc Hkh cuk gqvk gSA ?kVukØe %& 3& ,dckj ßds'ko nkl ckckÞ N% o"kZ yxkrkj esjs ikl (bl xzUFk ys[kd ds ikl) Ïik n`f"V ls vkdj jgus yxsA dSls vki fuf'dapu egkRek Fks] vkidh nSfud fnup;kZ vPNh rjg ikl esa jgdj >k¡dk FkkA cgqr dky ,d txg jgus ls O;ogkjkfn esa =qfV;ksa ds izfr dHkh&dHkh izhfr dyg Hkh gks tkrh FkhA le>sa tSls&ß,d ckj nks R;kfx;ksa dh ijLij ghjs vkSj ikjl ds ihNs yM+kbZ gks xbZA ekeyk jktnjckj rd igq¡p x;kA QSlyk ds le; jktk ds lkeus iwNus ij] ,d us dgk] ßblus esjk ghjk Nhuk gSÞ] rks nwljs us dgk] ßblus esjk ikjl Nhuk gSÞA jktk us QSlyk lquk;k] ßnksuksa bu R;kfx;ksa dks Qk¡lh ns nksÞA rc ikl esa [kM+s rhljs egkiq#"k ftUgsa jktk fo'ks"k lEeku nsrs Fks] mUgksaus le>k;k! ßjktu~! ;g egkRekvksa dh yM+kbZ gS vki ugha le> ldrsA iwNus ij rhljs u crk;k] ßHk.Mkjs esa iaxr gksrs le; nksuksa esa yM+kbZ gks xbZA ,d us nwljs ds xys esa iguh gqbZ rqylh dh cuh gqbZ ekyk dh Åijh lfUèkLFk&Hkkx (tksM+) esa yxs eksVs nkus (lqes# ;k ghjk) dks >Vd dj rksM+ fn;kA xqLls esa vkdj nwljs us mldh ijkslh xbZ [kkus dh iÙky (ikjl) dks viuh rjQ Nhu fy;kA fcuk le>s bruh cM+h ltk mfpr ughaAÞ vr% nksuksa dks NksM+ fn;k x;kA laru dh vkilh yM+kbZ eas jgL; fNik gksrk gSA loZlkèkkj.k ftls le> ugha ldrsA ßvatfyxr 'kqHk lqeu ftfe] le lqxUèk dj nks;ÞA vr% ys[kd nkl ij rks nksuksa gh egku~ iq#"kksa dh leku Ïik n`f"V FkhA tSls&Qwy nksuksa vatyh cUn dj NksM+ nsus ij nksuksa esa leku gh lqxUèk gksrh gSA vc vki le> x, gksaxs fd ,slh gh fdruh ckj ^ds'ko nkl ckck* dh gels cth gksxhA ?kVukØe %& 4& ,dckj eSa vki ds lkFk ladsr x;k gqvk FkkA Jhth dh 'k;u vkjrh jkf= n'kZu dj okil gksrs esa chrh ,d ?kVuk crkbZA vkius crk;k] ß;gh og LFkku gS tgk¡ dHkh jkr eèkqdjh ikdj jkr 11 cts jkLrk pyrs esa ,d ^lqcynkl* uked ckck lks x;kA jkLrk pyrs mlds ?kqjkZVs lqudj ßjkekuUn nklÞ ckck us >d>ksj dj txk;kA vkSj oS".ko lkFk ds g¡l iM+sA ^Ïik flUèkq nkl ckck* us dgk] ß;g fiNys tue dk cSy gSÞA mlh fnu ls cjlkus ekèkqdjh djds chp jkLrs] izse ljksoj ij cSBdj ikus dk izfrcUèk yxk fn;kA vki }kjk jfpr dbZ c¡xyk Hkk"kk ds NUnkRed dkO; gSaA tSls&if.Mr ckck lwpd lEcfUèkr Ïik flUèkq nkl }kjk jfpr cax Hkk"kk lUnfHkZr dkO; dk] vkius fgUnh Hkk"kk esa mYFkk fd;kA
JhjkekuUnnkl ckck (ladsr&mejk;k)
Hkkxor fuokl] o`Unkou
91 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1911 bZ-A if'pe caxky izkUrkUrxZr
ftyk&ck¡dqM+k ds ß'kky pwM+kÞ uked xzke esaA
iYyh&foiz oa'kxr&oS".koA
firk&^ek[ku yky*] ekrk&^dknfEcuh nsoh*A 19 o"kZ esa x`g R;kx
fd;kA
fudq´t xeu %& lu~ 2002 bZ-A ferh ikS"k 'kqDyk ,dkn'kh] jkf=
le; o`Unkou & Hkkxor fuokl esaA
ea= ,oa os"kkJ; %& ßJhv}Sr nklÞ if.Mr th }kjk xksoèkZu esaA
vki 19 o"kZ vk;q esa x`g R;kxdj iSny pydj czt eas vk x,A fQj vkthou czt ls ckgj ugha x,A x`g okl le; vfr la{ksi eas i<+kbZ dhA vki laLdkj ds gh ,d deZB O;fDr FksA izFke o`Unkou vkdj vki fVdkjh cxhph ij BgjsA fuR; dks if.Mr fl¼ ckck ^jkeÏ".k nkl* ds ikl vkrs tkrs lkèkqvksa dks ns[k vki Hkh vkus tkus yxs FksA dk;Z dq'ky ns[kdj Hkh ^Ïik flUèkq nkl* ckck us xq# Jh ^v}Sr nkl* ls vkidks ek¡x fy;k FkkA Hktu lEcUèkh cgqr dqN fl[kk;k] ihNs mejk;k ,oa ladsr fcgkjh dh lsok lkSai nh FkhA bu efUnjksa dk nkf;Ro Jh ÏikflUèkq nkl ckck us xkSM+h; eB okyksa ls ys yh FkhA ^mejk;k* xk¡o okyk efUnj dqN xyr yksxksa us g¡fFk;k fy;k Fkk ftuds paxqy ls vkius NqVk;kA ;|fi thou ds rhu Hkkx vkius le£ir Hkko ls efUnj ,oa oS".koksa dh lsok esa fcrk;k] fdUrq fcuk fn[kkok ds Js"B xq#&vkKk] lsok fu"Bk ,oa viuh nSfud Hktu lkèkuk (xq# iznÙk fu"Bk) nksuksa gh vktUe fuHkk;kA vpy 'kjhj lsok vleFkZ gks tkus ls thou dk ,d Hkkx vfUre {k.k Hkkxor fuokl o`Unkou gh jgdj fcrk;kA vki O;ogkj dq'ky ,oa Hktu prqj FksA ßtsb tu Ï".k Hkts] lsb cM+ prqjÞA ßprqj f'kjksef.k rs tx ekgha] ts ef.k ykfx lqtru djkghaû lks ef.k ;|fi izdV tx vgbZ] jke Ïik fouq ufga dksm ygbZÞû jkek;.k rqylh nkl th us prqjksa eas ßf'kjksef.kÞ 'kCn dgdj vkSj Hkh Hktu dq'ky oSjkfx;ksa ds fy, egRo c<+k fn;kA
?kVukØe %& 1& ,dckj ckck ?kj NksM+dj czt esa vk tkus ds i'pkr~ ^if.Mr ckck*] ^ÏikflUèkq nkl* ckck ,oa Jh ^fo".kq nkl* ckck tSlk vkius Hkh vktUe ozr czt ls ckgj u tkus dk fuHkk;kA ?kVukØe %& 2& ,dckj dh lqcg ls lUè;k le; rd [ksrksa ij yxs jgus ls cztokfl;ksa ds Hkh lsok fu"Bk ns[k NDds NwV tkrsA ;gk¡ rd fd cztoklh vkidks ^Hkwr* rd dgdj iqdkjrs FksA tc rd jgs vkyL; Nw rd ugha x;k FkkA NksVs&cM+s nksuksa ckckvksa dh frfFk;ksa ij eFkqjk o`Unkou fHk{kk ek¡x dj cM+s èkweèkke ls oS".ko&lsok djrsA ladsr fcgkjh vki ds izk.k FksA vkthou futZyk ozr dk ikyu fd;kA iqjk.kksa esa egkHkkjr ds izfr vkidk #>ku FkkA vlyh lkèkq lsok ds jgL; dks rks vkius gh le>k FkkA gfjuke djrs o`Unkou esa vfUre lk¡l yhA
JhÏ".kxksfoUnnkl ckck
Hkkxor fuokl] o`Unkou
95 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1902 bZ-A if'pe cax izkUr ds dydÙkk 'kgj esaA
fudq´t xeu %& lu~ 1997 bZ-A ferh Hkkæ 'kqDyk prqnZ'kh]
czãeqgwrZ&o`Unkou esaA
xq# ea= Hks"k %& ßJhÏikflUèkq nklÞ ckck egkjkt }kjkA
Hkkxor&fuokl esaA
vki dks iwoZ tUexr laLdkj ls lgt esa oSjkX; cuk jgrk FkkA vki dydÙks jgrs] cM+s bUthfu;fjax iksLV ij jgdj ukSdjh djrs jgsA ,d fnu cq¼ Hkxoku~ tSls lkeus tkrs gq,&ßjke uke lR; gS] xksiky uke lR; gSÞ ns[kdj vkidks Hk;kud vkReXykfu iSnk gqbZ fd] ßdekrs [kkrs ;ksa gh thou vyksy&eyksy pyk tk jgkA eyky iSnk gksrs gh cps thou dk] vkius x`g R;kx fn;kÞA rqjUr pydj o`Unkou vk x, vkSj Jh xq#nso dh 'kj.k ys yhA Jh xq# Ïik ls èkhjs&èkhjs oS".ko 'kkL=ksa dk vè;;u Hkh dj fy;kA LFkkuh; ckck ^ds'ko nkl th* ls vkidk ?kfu"B vkUrfjd izse FkkA vki oSjkX; ds ,sls ew£roUr Lo:i] fuisZ{k] uke&fu"B lkèkq Fks fd lnhZ gks ;k xehZ lnk ,d jl jguhA fuR; dks rhu cts jkr mBuk] lsok le> fuR; dks nkÅth cxhpk if.Mr ckck dk n'kZu djuk] >kMw cqgkjh lsok djuk fQj vius fu;e uke&ti vkfn esa yxuk vkfn vkidh fnup;kZ FkhA
?kVukØe %& 1& ,dckj loZizFke x`g&R;kxdj tc pys rks dk'kh fo'oukFk ds n'kZu fd,A mudk vk'khokZn ysdj rc fufoZ?u czt eas izos'k fd;kA izFke Jh ^xksfoUn nso* dk n'kZu fd;kA f'ko th dh Ïik ls JhxksfoUn nso dk n'kZu djrs le; Jh xq# iknkJ; gsrq iqtkjh th us fl¼ ckck ÏikflUèkq nkl ds fy, bafxr dj fn;kA ;gh ^xksfoUn nso* dk vkns'k FkkA xq#nso Hkkxor fuokl vius lkFk ys x,A le; ls nh{kk Hks"k ns fn;kA ?kVukØe %& 2& ,dckj ftl fnu ls vkius xq#iknkJ; xzg.k fd;kA vk'p;Z rks ;g fd vkthou vki o`Unkou ls dgha ckgj ugha x,A ,d ek= Hkkxor fuokl esa gh jgsA
?kVukØe %& 3& ,dckj vkius tkus ls iwoZ dg fn;k Fkk (Lokeh djik=h th tSls) fd] ßge fdlh ls Hkh ugha dgsaxs vkSj pqipki pys tk,¡xsÞA dkj.k fd vkius thou esa dHkh Hkh fdlh ls lsok ugha yhA ,sls gh gqvkA izkr%dky fdokM+ [kksyk irk yxk vki czãeqgwrZ le; gh fuR; yhyk fudq´t izos'k dj pqds gSaA
JhvuUrnkl ckck
Hkkxor fuokl] o`Unkou
70 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1902 bZ-A iwoZ cax izkUr ds ßJh gêÞ uked
LFkku easA
firk&ßvrqy Ï".k Hkêkpk;ZÞ ekrk&ßiadftuh nsohÞA
fudq´t xeu %& lu~ 1996 bZ-A ferh ikS"k 'kqDyk iw£.kek]
o`Unkou&Hkkxor fuokl esaA
ea= ,oa os"kkJ; %& ßJhÏikflUèkq nklÞ ckck Hkkxor fuokl] o`Unkou
esaA
vki (25) iPphl o"kZ rd ljdkjh ukSdjh djrs jgsA ß,d fnu vkidks dgha xk¡o esa ikykxku lquus dks feyk] ftlesa czt dh fojfg.kh jkèkk dk cM+k gh euksje fp=.k FkkA egkizHkq mUekfnr voLFkk esa vkLoknu dj jgs gSaÞ izFke ckjh vkius lqukA ,slk jax p<+k fd ukSdjh R;kxdj vkos'k esa ßlqcqf¼jk;Þ tSls eFkqjk Hkxdj vk x,A cgqr dky eFkqjk esa jgsA czã.kRo ds ckjg xq.k vki esa lgt fo|eku FksA fdlh Hkh Hkw[ks I;kls izk.kh dks ns[kdj vkidk fpÙk fi?ky tkrkA iwN&iwNdj {kqèkkrZ izk.kh dks dqN u dqN izlkn nsdj mldh {kqèkk feVk nsrsA rHkh vkius viuh cgu dk uke Hkh ßn;kÞ j[kk tks ihNs og Hkh o`Unkou okl dj fy;kA vki Jh xq#nso iknkJ; xzg.k dj v[k.M 18 o"kZ Jh ßfxjhUæ fcgkjhÞ dh lsok esa cus jgsA i'pkr~ Jh xq#nso dh Ïik ls lHkh oS".ko 'kkL=ksa dk vè;;u dj leqfpr oS".ko jhfr i¼fr }kjk Bkdqj lsok fuokZg fd;kA okLrfodrk gS fd&tks dksbZ Hkxor~ lsok] xq# lsok] ;kfd x`gLFk èkeZ esa ekrk&firk] ifr lsok] fu"diV Hkko ls djrk gS og lc dqN iyVdj (fd;k gqvk fir` i{k dk firjksa ds izfr Hkkstu Nktu vkfnd nku dh Hkk¡fr) (ßfdlh ;ksuh esa fdlh tUe esa dgha fdlh Hkh yksd esa gksÞ] Loxr lEcfUèkr thokRek dks Hkkstukfn fdlh u fdlh cgkus mlds ikl igq¡p tkrk gS) vius dks gh fey tkrk gSA fl¼kUr gSA ?kVukØe %& 1& ,d ckj tc xq#nso ßÏikflUèkq nklÞ ckck fudq´t yhyk izos'k dj x, rks fojgkoLFkk esa LFkku NksM+dj tgk¡ rgk¡ czt esa HkVdrs fQjsA vkidh mUeknkoLFkk ns[kdj xq# HkkbZ Jh ßjkexksiky nklÞ us cqyk fy;kA fQj rks vki Hkkxor fuokl Jh fxjhUæ fcgkjh ds Jh pj.kksa esa vUreqZ[kh cudj uke ti fu"B iw.kZ cus jgsA le; ij vius xq#nso ds lehi yhyk fparu djrs vki Hkh igq¡p x,A
Jho`Unkounkl ckck
Hkkxor fuokl] o`Unkou 103 o"kZ vk;q izkir
tUedky %& lu~ 1882 bZ-A iwoZ cax izkUr ds ^pêxzke* esaA
firk&ßdk£rdpUæÞ (oS|jkt) ^JhÏikflUèkq nkl th* ds NksVs lgksnj
HkkbZA Hkkxor fuoklA
fudq´t xeu %&ßlu~ 1985 bZ-A o`Unkou & Hkkxor fuokl esaA
ea= os"kkJ; %& ßJhxksfoUn nklÞ th }kjkA (Qykgkjh&ukjk;.k
nkl ds f'k"; ßxksfoUn nklÞ)
Jh v}Sr ifjokj HkqDrA ns'k dk uke ßfofiu MkDVjÞ Hks"k dk uke ßo`Unkou nklÞA cM+s HkkbZ ßÏikflUèkq nklÞ ds x`g R;kx i'pkr~ vkidk eu i<+kbZ esa] ?kj esa] ugha yxrk FkkA ns'k esas gh (lhrk dq.M) ßjkèkk xksfoUn efUnjÞ esa xq# ßxksfoUn nklÞ ds ikl nh{kk ea= ysdj cgqr dky rd vkrs tkrs jgsA ^JhÏikflUèkq nkl th* ds x`g R;kx ls Hkh nl o"kZ i'pkr~ vki x`g R;kxdj o`Unkou vk x,A Hkkxor fuokl cu tkus ds ihNs vki vkthou oSjkX; iw.kZ Hktu djrs jgsA xq# vkns'kkuqlkj rhu y{k uke ti ds vki n`<+ ozrh FksA oS|d 'kkL= dk vPNk Kku FkkA dHkh vaxzsth nok iz;ksx ugha fd;kA
?kVukØe %& 1& ,d ckj vkius fu'p; fd;k vius gkFk ds cus inkFkZ dk fuR; Bkdqj Hkksx yxkuk gSA vr% vkius ,d feêh dh eVdh (eyfj;k) esa izkr% ,d iko ngh eFk dj eD[ku fudky ds fuR; izfr ,d Myk feJh ds lfgr Bkdqj Hkksx ckjgksa eghuk yxkrsA ,d gh ckj izlkn ikrs FksA ,d fnu fryd dj ds ekyk ysdj vklu esa cSBs T;ksa rks vk¡[k eq¡nh gh jg xbZA
Jhizsenkl ckck
Hkkxor fuokl] o`Unkou
97 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1905 bZ-A mÙkj izns'k ftyk & eFkqjk ds
ßv¡tukSVhÞ uked xzke esaA
fudq´t xeu %& lu~ 2002 bZ-A ferh dk£rd 'kqDyk iw£.kek]
czãeqgwrZ osyk & o`Unkou esaA
nh{kk os"kkJ; %& ckck Jh ßÏikflUèkq nkl thÞ }kjk&Hkkxor fuokl
esaA firk&ßVq.Mk jkeÞ ekrk&^pk¡nuh nsoh*A
vki ,d cztoklh tehankj ckyd FksA 15 o"kZ dh vk;q esa gh O;kg gks x;kA pkj dPps&cPps Hkh gks x,A lkfRod [kku&iku] jgu&lgu] cztoklh] lrksxq.kh dk dqN vlj] dqN cztjt dk cuk iaprRo dk 'kjhj] mlesa Hkh nSfud fl¼ egkRekvksa ds fy, ?kj ls eèkqdjh dk VqdM+k fudkyuk vkfn lrxq.kksa ds lkewfgd lafpr&Qy D;k viuk jax ugha yk,xk\ fQj vki rks fl¼ ckck dh Ïik n`f"V jl&izse ls vfHkflapr FksA tks izseh] izse dk nkl cu x;k mls vHkko fdl ckr dk\ Åijh ln~xq.kksa dk lkewfgd fØ;k&dyki ds dkj.k LokHkkfodh lgt xq.k] lar Ïik ls c¼tho dks Hkh ijekFkZ dh vksj >qdko nsrk gSA vki le; ij f[kapdj xk¡o ls o`Unkou vk x,A ^';ke dq¡vk* ds ikl okl djrs gq, fuR; izfr Hkkxor fuokl ckck Jh ^ÏikflUèkq nkl th* dks nwèk nsus vkrsA oSjkxh LoHkko gksus ij Hkh vPNh rjg ek;k dh ekj [kkdj rc dgha fu"dke iw.kZ 'kj.kkxrh ykHk fd;kA izk;% :i lukrukfnd vkpk;ks± ds thou pfj= ,oa fl¼ egkiq#"kksa esa Jh txnh'k ckck] eèkqlwnu nkl] rhu dkSM+h xksLokeh x.k vkfn ds thou pfj= ls f'k{kk ysaA tgk¡ lalkj pØ ls NwVrs gh rRdky Ïik ykHk gqvkA vkius Hkh vPNh rjg ek;k dh FkisM+ [kkdj Jh xq# izsj.kk ls 50 o"kZ i'pkr~ x`g R;kx fd;kA
?kVukØe %& 1& ,dckj rks vkius x`g R;kxdj fucZUèk gks leLr rhFkks± dh ;k=k dhA fQj pkSjklh dksl czt;k=k djus ds i'pkr~ Jh xq#pj.kksa esa Hkkxor fuokl Jh o`Unkou èkke esa fu"Bk ysdj cSB x,A Jh xq# vkns'kkuqlkj rhu y{k&uke&ti ozr ds vki vknh cu x, FksA vkidks (cSa´tks) cktk ctkus dk cpiu ls cM+k 'kkSd FkkA tc dHkh eu esa vkrk vius Bkdqj ds lkeus ysdj cSB tkrsA ,d fnu Jh xq#nso tSls vki izlék eqæk esa cktk ctkdj Bkdqj th dks fj>k;k vkSj è;ku esa ti djus uke ysdj cSB x,A mlh voLFkk esa LoLFk vki fuR; fudq´t dk jkLrk uki fy;kA
if.Mr Jheqjyhnkl ckck
o`Unkou] eFkqjk
86 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1914 bZ-A mÙkj izns'k ftyk eFkqjk vUrxZr
^gksMy* ds ikl xzke esaA cztoklh 'kjhjA foizoa'kkuqxr tUeA
fudq´t xeu %& lu~ 2002 bZ-A ferh vxzgk;.k 'kqDyk iw£.kek
(12 fnlEcj) o`Unkou esaA
nh{kk os"k %& ßJheksgu nkl ckckÞ Ï".k xaxk ?kkV eFkqjk }kjkA
vki us 15 o"kZ dh vk;q esa oSjkX; ds dkj.k x`g R;kx fd;kA vKkurk o'k fcuk f'k{kk v£tr fd, lkèkq cuus ls Hktu vlEHko gSA vc vki dks i<+kbZ dh èkqu lokj gqbZA lhèks dk'kh pys x,] tgk¡ ls O;kdj.kkfn }kjk 'kkL=h [k.M iwjkdj ,d fo'ks"k if.Mr ds :i ls vyaÏr gq,A vc i<+dj ;gk¡ ls ogh iwoZys oSjkX; :ih lkFkh ds lkFk pydj mÙkjk[k.M esa gfj}kj] ½f"kds'k vkfn LFkkuksa esa ;ksfx;ksa ds lax ykHk ls dqN ;ksfxd fo|k,¡ lh[khA fQj Hkh tc 'kkfUr ykHk u gqbZ rks iqu% czt & o`Unkou vkdj fl¼ ^if.Mr ckck* ,oa ^ÏikflUèkq nkl* vkfn tSls egkiq#"kksa ds lax ykHk ls fopkj esa vUrjk; iM+kA vr% vc vki eFkqjk tkdj ^Ï".kxaxk&?kkV* ds ckck ßeksgu nklÞ ls nh{kk os"k fy;kA vc vki ,d v}rh; if.Mr cudj ßukjk;.k fl¼ ckckÞ dPph lM+d eFkqjk jgus yxsA bl LFkku esa ßd#vk&ikuhÞ dk cM+k egRo gSA D;ksafd vusd jksfx;ksa dks ^fl¼&d#vk* dk ikuh nsus ls Bhd gksrs ns[kk x;k gSA vHkh Hkh 'kfuokj vkSj eaxyokj dks esyk yxrk gSA ?kVukØe %& 1& ,dckj vki tkdj bl vk'k; ls xys esa f'kyk ck¡èkdj ekulh xaxk esa dwn iM+s fd] ßfcuk Bkdqj n'kZu fd,] thus ls D;k gSÞ\ Luku djrs le; egUr ckck rVLFk ßeuksgj nkl thÞ lc ns[k jgs Fks] nkSM+dj cpk fy;kA f'k{kk nhA ?kVukØe %& 2& ,dckj ^Hkkxor fuokl* esa lc ds lkeus ftàk dk fuEu tksM+ Hkkx CysM ls dkVdj gkFk Hkj yEch thHk [kSpdj ckgj fudkyk vkSj lQkbZ dj Hkhrj dj fy;kA uoyh] dqatj fØ;k] usrh] èkksrh] vkfn rks lkèkkj.k fØ;k,¡ Fkha vki ds fy,A thou dk 'ks"k Hkkx o`Unkou Hkkxor fuokl vkdj vUreqZ[kh uke ti lkèku yhu jgus yxs FksA tgk¡ jgdj lu~ 2000 bZ- esa fuR; fudq´t izos'k fd;kA
Jhds'konkl ckck
eFkqjk
76 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1891 bZ-A ftyk ßcyk¡xhjÞ mM+hlk
izkUrkUrxZr&xzkek´py lsA
xeudky %& lu~ 1967 bZ-A Ï".kxaxk efUnj eFkqjk esaA lehiorhZA
ea= Hks"k %& egUr ßfuR;kuUn nklÞ }kjkA xnkèkj ifjokj lsA
vki 15 o"kZ vk;q esa x`g R;kx i'pkr~ dHkh ns'k ugha x,A egUr th dh iw.kZ Ïik vki ij FkhA czt Hkze.k dj xq# lsok esa le£ir Hkko ls yx x,A ekLVj ÏikflUèkq nkl] Ï".kpju nkl] xksihukFk nkl vkfn vkils cM+s xq# HkkbZ Fks] tks vR;Ur lq;ksX; HktukuUnh R;kxh FksA ^'kphuUnu nkl* ,d f'k"; vkidh lsok esa] ßeèkqlwnu nklÞ eFkqjk esa gh HktukuUnh lkèkq jgkA ?kVukØe %& 1& ,dckj tc egUr th vfe; fuekbZ ds lkFk gkFkjl ,d eghus dks x, Fks rks ml le; ik¡p N% gtkj ew£r;ksa dk jlksbZ lekèkku xq# Ïik ls lg;ksfx;ksa dks ysdj vdsys djrsA jkr Jh xq# pj.k nckrs le; O;kdqfyr fpÙk ;g dgrs ns[kk x;k fd] ßxq# lsok dSls djuh pkfg,\ gels dHkh u cu iM+hAÞ ,slk dgdj NViVkrs ns[kk x;kA
JhvejkuUnnkl ckck
MkW vej lsu] o`Unkou
83 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1913 bZ-A if'pe cax izkUr dydÙkk ds
ßjkeykyÞ vxzoky ykbu esaA uke&ßvejsUæ ukFk lsuÞ&[;kfr izkIr
uke&ßMkW vej lsuÞA firk&ß;ksxs'kpUæÞ lsu&xqIr ekrk&ßehuk
yhuhÞA
fudq´t xeu %& lu~ 1996 bZ-A ferh ikS"k 'kqDyk iapehA Hkkxor
fuokl o`UnkouA
nhf{kr ea= %& ßJhv}Sr nklÞ if.Mr ckck xksoèkZu }kjkA os"k uke
ßvejkuUn nklÞA
os"kkJ; %& ßJhfiz;kpju nklÞ ckck xksoèkZu }kjkA lu~ 1994 bZ-A
i'pkr~ o`Unkou & Hkkxor fuokl esa 'ks"k thou fcrk;kA vki 6 HkkbZ 2
cguksa esa chp ds FksA
16 o"kZ dh vYi vk;q esa vkius lu~ 1929 bZ- esa LdksfV'k ppZ (Scotish-Church) bafXy'k ehfM;e dydÙkk ls eSVªhdqys'ku izFke Js.kh esa ikl fd;kA lu~ 1931 bZ- esa I.S.C. ikl dj fQj lu~ 1937 bZ- esa ,e-ch- fQj lu~ 1948 bZ- ,e-,l- fd;kA bu lcksa esa vki 95 izfr'kr ekDlZ ik,A blh ds i'pkr~ fe'kujh okyksa us vkidks yanu HkstkA ogk¡ ij ßozqUVu vLirkyÞ (Bruntan Hospital) esa jgrs gq, vkius xos'k.kkRed [kkst dhA fQj vki lu~ 1950 bZ- esa Hkkjr&dydÙks vk x,A tgk¡ vkj- th- dky- vLirky (R. G. Kal Hospital) esa izFke gkVZ (Heart) dk lQy vkijs'ku fd;kA blh ds i'pkr~ lu~ 1961 esa ßtokgj yky usg:Þ us vkxjs ds cM+s gkfLiVy esa vkijs'ku okLrs cqyk fy;kA okLro esa vki iwoZ tUe ds laLdkjh tho FksA ßJhÏ".k xzg xzghrkRekÞ FksA ns[kk x;k gS& ftlds ihNs Ï".k :ih xzg ,d ckj Hkh (iwruk ds Ï".k tSls) fpid tk; fQj og fcuk pSu ik, vU;= dgha dk ugha jg tkrkA ß;nuqpfjr yhyk----------fHk{kq p;k± pjfUrû (HkkOE10@47@18) vFkkZr~&ml Nfy;k ds QUns esa tks ,dckj Hkh :i] yhyk] vkfn i<+ lqu dj pDdj esa vk tkrk gS] jkx&}s"k lq[k&nq[k vkfn }a} jfgr fdlh Hkh nhu nqfu;k dk ugha jg tkrk] fHk[kkjh cu tkrk gSA
?kVukØe %& 1& ,dckj vkxjk ds iatkch Hkä Mh- ,e- vkidks iFkjh vkizs'ku gsrq xksoèkZu if.Mr ^v}Sr nkl* th ds ikl ys x,A ckck czt ls ckgj tkrs ugha FksA Mh- ,e- ckck ds Hkä FksA vL=kfnd ;a= ysdj vki x,A vlá ;U=.kk dk lQy vkizs'ku fd;kA fcLdqV] pk; [kkus ds ihNs vkius nf{k.kk ek¡xhA ckck us iwNk] ßD;k pkfg,Þ\ vkius nh{kk dk izLrko j[kkA nwljs fnu ekulh xaxk Luku i'pkr~ nh{kk ns nhA vc nh{kksijkUr xq# th us viuh nf{k.kk ek¡xhA vki lg"kZ Lohdkj gq,A xq# th us nf{k.kk ds cnys ßpkSjklh dksl esa fuf'dapu lkèkqvksa dh vkizs'ku vkfnd fu%'kqYd lsok ek¡xhÞA vki vc gj o`gLifrokj] jfookj] vkxjs ls o`Unkou] xksoèkZu vkus tkus yxsA blh cgkus xq# Ïik] lkèkq Ïik gks xbZA ?kVukØe %& 2& ,dckj xksoèkZu xq# th (v}Sr nkl if.Mr th) ds pys tkus ds i'pkr~ vki o`Unkou okl dj fy,A izLrqr xzUFk ys[kd ds cxy (Nhih xyh esa) HkkM+k ?kj ysdj jgus yxsA tgk¡ xksfoUn n'kZu i'pkr~ ekèkqdjh dj ds lUè;k le; ^fo".kq nkl ckck* (Hkkxor fuokl okys) fuR; dks pkj jksVh ns tkrsA i'pkr~&LVsV cSad ds cxy ,d {ks= ls jksVh fey tkus ls ekèkqdjh ysuk cUn dj fn;kA ihNs lsokJe esa lsok djus ls Kku xqnM+h okyk dqat jgus dks fn;k x;kA vc rd vki ^Jh fiz;k pj.k nkl ckck* ls fojä os"k ysdj o`Unkou ßfo".kq nkl ckckÞ ls v"V;ke ekulh lsok lh[k dj rhu y{k uke ti fu"Bk iw.kZ djrs jgsA lu~
1992 bZ- ls LFkk;h :i ^Hkkxor fuokl* jgus yxsA vc rd vki egr~ xrh dks izkIr vkdqekj czãp;Z ozrh] leFkZoku~ oSHko frykatyh nsdj fuf"dapu lsok&fujr lu~ 1996 bZ- esa fuR; fudq´t izos'k fd,A
Jhj?kqukFknkl ckck
je.kjsrh] o`Unkou
98 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1889 bZ-A if'pe cax izkUr ftyk&ßufn;kÞ ds
ßÏ".kkuxjÞ Hkêkpk;Z foizoa'kA
fudq´t xeu %& lu~ 1987 bZ-A ferh Jko.k 'kqDyk uoehA
eaxyokj izkr% 3 ctsA o`Unkou esaA
nh{kk ea= %& xksLokeh ßfoeykuUn izHkqÞ }kjkA uo}hi èkke esaA
Jhjkèkkpj.knkl ckck
euhiqjh] xksoèkZu
85 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1870 bZ-A e.khiqj izkUrkUrxZr ftyk&ßbEQkyÞ
esaA
xeudky %& lu~ 1955 bZ-A ferh QkYxqu 'kqDyk f}rh;k &
xksoèkZu & uo}hi mRNoA
ea= nh{kk os"k %& uo}hi] fuR;kuUn ifjokj xksLokeh lsA os"k
fdUgha ckck ls fy;kA
cgqr dky jgdj uo}hi] fQj czt esa vk x,A fl¼ ßdrkZ ckckÞ ds xqfVdk ds vkèkkj ij ekulh lsok ds lkFk 5 y{k uke ti djrs fl¼ gks pqds FksA czt Hkk"kk dk Kku de FkkA euhiqjh Hkk"kk Hkh de gh cksyrs FksA cztoklh vkidk cM+k vknj djrs FksA vkidh izcy uke fu"Bk ns[kdj cztoklh oS".ko Lo;a f'k{kk xzg.k dj uke ti esa izo`Ùk gksrsA xksoèkZu esa gh ,d fnu uke ti djrs fuR; yhyk esa izos'k dj x,A
Jhm¼kjunkl ckck xksoèkZu] o`Unkou
86 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1917 bZ-A iwoZ cax izkUr ds ftyk&^flygV*
xzke&ßfldbyÞ firk&ßjkt ?kks"kÞ] ekrk&^lq[ke;ha] FkhA iwoZyk
uke&ßm¼oÞ FkkA
xeudky %& lu~ 2003 bZ-A ferh Hkkæ 'kqDyk iapeh] o`Unkou
Hkkxor fuokl esaA
nh{kk ea= %& xksLokeh Jh ß;kfeuh dqekjÞ vfèkdkjh&v}Sr ifjokj
& flygVA
os"kkJ; %& if.Mr ßv}Sr nkl ckckÞ xksoèkZuA
vki fefMy Dykl i<+rs esa i<+kbZ NksM+dj 17 o"kZ dh vk;q esa czt esa vk x,A ?kj jgrs xkSjkax pfj= ds lkFk jkèkkÏ".k uke lqurs vki dh fofp= n'kk gks tkrh FkhA tgk¡ dgha uke ladhrZu&;K gksrs lqukbZ iM+rk jkr&jkr ogk¡ tkdj lqursA czt&Hkwfe Hkkxdj vkus esa lgk;d] fo'ks"k dj vki dks ßikyk xkuÞ dhrZfu;ksa ds }kjk gqvkA ?kVukØe %& 1& ,dckj dgha ikykxku gks jgk FkkA mlh ds i'pkr~ dhrZfu;ksa dks czt esa vkuk FkkA mlh fnu lc NksM+dj muds lkFk czt Hkwfe vk x,A fQj x, gh ughaA pkSjklh dksl ifjØek yxkdj FkksM+s fnu o`Unkou jgsA i'pkr~ dbZ o"kZ ^jkèkkdq.M* ij ltkrh; jfldksa dk lax ikdj muds lRlax esa jps&ips jgsA ihNs xksoèkZu if.Mr ckck ls os"k ysdj xksoèkZu gh jgus yxsA lcls ihNs vki o`Unkou je.kjsrh ^Hkkxor
fuokl* vk x,] tgk¡ Jh Ïik flUèkq nkl ckck dh nsu ßJhfo".kq nkl thÞ ls ekulh lsok lh[kdj fuR; ;gha vkJe esa jgrs gq, fuR; fudq´t yhyk dh lsok izkIr dj yhA
Jht;furkbZ nkl
egUr ckck] jkèkkdq.M
99 o"kZ vk;q izkIr
tUedky %& lu~ 1990 bZ-A iwoZ cax ds ftyk&^;'kksgj* xzke
ßuUnh xk¡FkhÞ esaA foizoa'k xrA
firk %& ^gjuke jk;* ekrk&^gseUr orh* FkhaA
fudq´t xeu %& lu~ 1999 bZ-A ferh & QkYxqu 'kqDyk xkSj&iw£.kek
fnuA
ea= os"kkJ; %& fojä egkRek Jh ßlqcy nklÞ ckck }kjk & jkèkkdq.M
esa] ßfl¼ Jh euksgj nkl ckck ^xksfoUn dq.M* okyksa dh lr~ izsj.kk lsA
vki ?kj jgrs lkroha tekr i<+dj] rsjg o"kZ dh vYik;q esa uo}hi laLÏr i<+us ds cgkus x`g R;kx fd;kA uo}hi xaxk fdukjs i.kZ dqVh cukdj gfjukeke`r O;kdj.k i<+us ds lkFk&lkFk fuisZ{k jgrs gq, lk<+s rhu y{k uke ti yxu iwoZd tirs jgsA blh jguh esa fl¼ ^oa'kh nkl* tSls R;kxh ckckvksa ds lax vkos'k esa (7) lkr o"kZ cus jgsA vki ^oa'kh nkl ckck* ds vUrjax lsod ßtxcUèkqÞ dh izsj.kk ls pydj ckck oS|ukFk dqN dky] fQj dqN dky iqjh esa gfjnkl eB] ,oa xEHkhjk esa jgdj vfUre ;k=k ds :i esa czt dh vksj inkiZ.k fd,A 23 o"kZ dh vk;q esa czt e.My esa vk tkus ds i'pkr~ 88 o"kZ czt ls ckgj fQj dgha x, gh ughaA blh ds eè; 40 o"kZ jkèkkdq.M jgrs gq, vfUre 3 o"kZ Jh xq#nso dh lsok esa yxs jgsA muds tkus ds i'pkr~ ckdh le; oSjkX; iw.kZ uke&fu"B cudj dHkh dkeou] pj.k&igkM+h] ladsr oV] dneVsj vkfn czt dh yhyk LFkfy;ksa esa vUreZuk gksdj v"V lkfRod fodkj ls ;qä gks] fiz;k fiz;re dh >k¡dh n'kZu dj izse esa Nds jgrsA ,sls jl yksHkh jfld ds fy, dqN Hkh ikuk vlEHko ughaA ,slh rM+iu] foyiu] lkSHkkX;&iz[;kiu mu fojgh lUrksa ds fy, dksbZ cM+h ckr ugha] ftUgksaus okY;dky ls gh cM+s&cM+s fl¼ egkRek&fl¼ oa'khnkl ckck] txcU/kq] jkenkl ckck] fl¼ if.Mr jkeÏ".k nkl] fl¼ Jh izk.kÏ".k nkl] txnh'k nkl ,oa fl¼ Jh euksgj nkl vkfn tSls fnO; egkiq#"kksa dk n'kZu] Li'kZu ,oa laxykHk fd;k gks] mlds fy, dqN Hkh nqyZHk ughaA fQj ,sls ds thou esa bruk uke&fu"B euu&fparou djrs gq, izse ykHk cudj u&meM+s! ;g dSls gh ldrk gSA
?kVukØe %& 1& ,dckj pj.k igkM+h&xqQk esa vki Hktu dj jgs FksA ,d lkeus [kwa[kkj ck?k vk;kA cpus dk dksbZ mik; ughaA ijh{kk dh ?kM+h FkhA vki Jh xq# Lej.k djrs tksj&tksj ls uke djrs è;ku esa Mwc x,A og lkeus vk;k] ns[kk] gqadkj fd;k vkSj pyk x;kA e`R;q&eq[k ls cpus dh ,slh fdruh gh ?kVuk,¡ ?kfVr gqb±A ?kVukØe %& 2& ,dckj tc vki cUèkq ßnkeksnj nklÞ (o`Unkou uhe dqVh okyksa) ds lkFk (Vsj dnEc) uan xk¡o ds ikl Hktu djrs Fks] jkf= le; Jhth us izdV vkns'k fd;k fd] ßjkèkkdq.M fLFkr fojDr oS".koksa dh lsok esa lefiZr Hkko ls 'ks"k thou nksAÞ vc rd vki 'krk;q o"kZ igq¡p pqds FksA fQj Hkh egUrkbZ in Hkkj Lohdkj djrs gq,&lEiznk; j{k.kkFkZ ltx jgsA vc rd vki ds lkfFk;ksa esa ckck&gfjnkl] if.Mr v}Sr nkl] fiz;kpj.k nkl] dqat fcgkjh nkl] Hkxor~ nkl rFkk xksikynkl vkfn tSls ije~ fl¼ lUr tk pqds FksA bu lc ds fojg ls O;fFkr gks chp&chp esa è;ku dj vkidks ph[krs foy[krs ns[kk x;kA